North Carolina Wildflowers, Shrubs, & Trees

by Jeffrey S. Pippen | Back to Jeff's Plant Page | Jeff's Nature Pages


Polygalaceae > Polygala (Milkworts)

Fringed Polygala, Gaywings (Polygala paucifolia) Fringed Polygala, Gaywings (Polygala paucifolia)
Clay Co., NC
14 May 2005

Uncommon in NC in the mountains.


Orange Milkwort (Polygala lutea) Orange Milkwort (Polygala lutea)
Brunswick Co., NC
13 Aug 2006

Common in the NC coastal plain (rare in the piedmont) in various moist/wet soils habitats (ditches, savannahs, etc.).

Orange Milkwort (Polygala lutea) Orange Milkwort (Polygala lutea)
Brunswick Co., NC
13 Aug 2006


Short Pinebarren Milkwort, Low Pinebarren Milkwort (P. ramosa) Short Pinebarren Milkwort, Low Pinebarren Milkwort (P. ramosa)
Brunswick Co., NC
13 Aug 2006

Short Pinebarren Milkwort, Low Pinebarren Milkwort (P. ramosa) Short Pinebarren Milkwort, Low Pinebarren Milkwort (P. ramosa)
Brunswick Co., NC
13 Aug 2006

Short Pinebarren Milkwort, Low Pinebarren Milkwort (P. ramosa) Short Pinebarren Milkwort, Low Pinebarren Milkwort (P. ramosa)
Brunswick Co., NC
13 Aug 2006


Crossleaf Milkwort, Southern Drumheads (Polygala cruciata) Crossleaf Milkwort, Southern Drumheads (Polygala cruciata)
Harnett Co., NC
3 Sep 2006

Fairly common in wet pine savannas and other wet habitats in the NC coastal plain.

Crossleaf Milkwort, Southern Drumheads (Polygala cruciata)
Craven Co., NC
27 Aug 2006


Hooker's Milkwort (Polygala hookeri) Hooker's Milkwort (Polygala hookeri)
Craven Co., NC
27 Aug 2006

Rare in NC, Hooker's Milkwort grows in a few pine savannas.

Hooker's Milkwort (Polygala hookeri) Hooker's Milkwort (Polygala hookeri)
Craven Co., NC
27 Aug 2006

Hooker's Milkwort (Polygala hookeri) Hooker's Milkwort (Polygala hookeri)
Pine savanna in Pender Co., NC
13 Sep 2009

Hooker's Milkwort (Polygala hookeri) Hooker's Milkwort (Polygala hookeri)
Pine savanna in Pender Co., NC
13 Sep 2009

Note whorled leaves.

Hooker's Milkwort (Polygala hookeri) Hooker's Milkwort (Polygala hookeri)
Craven Co., NC
27 Aug 2006


Littleleaf Milkwort, Shortleaf Milkwort (Polygala brevifolia) Littleleaf Milkwort, Shortleaf Milkwort (Polygala brevifolia)
Carteret Co., NC
27 Aug 2006

Another rare milkwort of the NC coastal plain pine savannas.

Littleleaf Milkwort, Shortleaf Milkwort (Polygala brevifolia) Littleleaf Milkwort, Shortleaf Milkwort (Polygala brevifolia)
Carteret Co., NC
27 Aug 2006

Littleleaf Milkwort, Shortleaf Milkwort (Polygala brevifolia) Littleleaf Milkwort, Shortleaf Milkwort (Polygala brevifolia)
Carteret Co., NC
27 Aug 2006

Upper stem leaves may be alternate, but leaves of the principal nodes are whorled (see below).

Littleleaf Milkwort, Shortleaf Milkwort (Polygala brevifolia) Littleleaf Milkwort, Shortleaf Milkwort (Polygala brevifolia)
McLean Savanna, Pender Co., NC
13 Sep 2009

Here's a different Littleleaf Milkwort population from the one above. Note short persistent bracts and a fairly long peduncle.

Littleleaf Milkwort, Shortleaf Milkwort (Polygala brevifolia) Littleleaf Milkwort, Shortleaf Milkwort (Polygala brevifolia)
McLean Savanna, Pender Co., NC
13 Sep 2009

Wings (lateral petaloid sepals) are acute-short mucronate.

Littleleaf Milkwort, Shortleaf Milkwort (Polygala brevifolia) Littleleaf Milkwort, Shortleaf Milkwort (Polygala brevifolia)
McLean Savanna, Pender Co., NC
13 Sep 2009

Leaves of the main nodes are whorled.


Curtiss' Milkwort (Polygala curtissii) Curtiss' Milkwort (Polygala curtissii)
Orange Co., NC
21 Sep 2006

Statewide and common in NC, Curtiss' Milkwort grows in old fields and other similar habitats. Note the persistent bracts on the inflorescence.

Curtiss' Milkwort (Polygala curtissii) Curtiss' Milkwort (Polygala curtissii)
Orange Co., NC
21 Sep 2006

Curtiss' Milkwort (Polygala curtissii) Curtiss' Milkwort (Polygala curtissii)
Orange Co., NC
21 Sep 2006


Purple Milkwort, Blood Milkwort, Field Milkwort (Polygala sanginea) Purple Milkwort, Blood Milkwort, Field Milkwort (Polygala sanginea)
Blue Ridge Pkwy, Alleghany Co., NC
24 Aug 2016

Statewide in NC and uncommon except in the mountains where a bit more common. Occurs in a variety of mostly moist habitats.

Purple Milkwort, Blood Milkwort, Field Milkwort (Polygala sanginea) Purple Milkwort, Blood Milkwort, Field Milkwort (Polygala sanginea)
Blue Ridge Pkwy, Alleghany Co., NC
24 Aug 2016
Purple Milkwort, Blood Milkwort, Field Milkwort (Polygala sanginea) Purple Milkwort, Blood Milkwort, Field Milkwort (Polygala sanginea)
Blue Ridge Pkwy, Alleghany Co., NC
24 Aug 2016

Pink Milkwort, Processionflower (Polygala incarnata) Pink Milkwort, Processionflower (Polygala incarnata)
Pine savanna in Pender Co., NC
13 Sep 2009

Fairly common in the eastern half of NC, Pink Milkwort grows in a variety of habitats.

Pink Milkwort, Processionflower (Polygala incarnata) Pink Milkwort, Processionflower (Polygala incarnata)
Pine savanna in Pender Co., NC
13 Sep 2009

Pink Milkwort, Processionflower (Polygala incarnata) Pink Milkwort, Processionflower (Polygala incarnata)
Pine savanna in Pender Co., NC
13 Sep 2009

Stems and leaves are somewhat glaucous.


Maryland Milkwort (Polygala mariana) Maryland Milkwort (Polygala mariana)
Harnett Co., NC
3 Sep 2006

Fairly common in the NC coastal plain in wet savannas and other open habitats.

Maryland Milkwort (Polygala mariana) Maryland Milkwort (Polygala mariana)
Harnett Co., NC
3 Sep 2006



Annotated habitat and distribution information listed above is from Radford, Ahles, & Bell. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. UNC Press; and from personal observations and discussions with Will Cook, Harry LeGrand, and Bob Wilbur. Common names from personal experience and supplemented by the following resources USDA plants website, Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, and NatureServe.


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Created on ... Aug 25, 2006 | jeffpippen9@gmail.com